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Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug with muscarinic antagonist effects. It is obtained from plants of the family Solanaceae (nightshades), such as henbane, jimson weed and Angel's Trumpets ( Datura resp. Brugmansia spec.), and corkwood ( Duboisia species ). It is among the secondary metabolites of these plants. Therefore, scopolamine is one of three active components of belladonna and stramonium tinctures and powders used medicinally along with atropine and hyoscyamine.
Scopolamine has anticholinergic properties and has legitimate medical applications in very minute doses. As an example, in the treatment of motion sickness, the dose, gradually released from a transdermal patch, is only 330 micrograms (µg) per day.
An overdose can cause delirium, delusions, paralysis , dangerous elevations of body temperature, stupor and death.
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Links & References
Chang et al..
Identification of small molecules rescuing fragile X syndrome phenotypes in Drosophila, Nature Chemical Biology, doi: 10.1038/nchembio.78, published online 9 March 2008.
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Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users,
Redirected by Users, Redirect Approved by Experts
(1R,2R,4S,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]non-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
(1R,2R,4S,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0~2,4~]non-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
[7(S)-(1a,2b,4b,5a,7b)]-a-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic Acid 9-Methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]non-7-yl Ester
200-090-3
[EINECS/ELINCS]
228-065-2
[EINECS/ELINCS]
6,7-Epoxytropine tropate
6b,7b-Epoxy-1aH,5aH-tropan-3a-ol (-)-Tropate
6b,7b-Epoxy-3a-tropanyl S-(-)-Tropate
6beta,7beta-Epoxy-3alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate
Atrochin
More...
Atroquin
Atroscine
benzeneacetic acid, alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-, (1R,2R,4S,5S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0~2,4~]non-7-yl ester, (alphaS)-
l-Scopolamine
Methscopolamine nitrate
Scop
Scopine tropate
Scopolamine
[Wiki]
See
Skopolate
Skopyl
Transcop
TRANSDERM SCOP
Transderm-V
Tropic Acid Ester with Scopine
(-)-Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate
51-34-3
[RN]
6106-46-3
[RN]
Hyoscine
[Wiki]
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Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users,
Redirected by Users, Redirect Approved by Experts
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LogP: |
ACD/LogP:
0.76
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# of Rule of 5 Violations: |
0
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ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): |
-1.65
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ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): |
0.05
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ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): |
1
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ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): |
1
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ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): |
1
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ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): |
12.15
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#H bond acceptors: |
5
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#H bond donors: |
1
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#Freely Rotating Bonds: |
6
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Polar Surface Area: |
62.3
Å2
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Index of Refraction: |
1.613
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Molar Refractivity: |
80.44
cm3
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Molar Volume: |
230.9
cm3
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Polarizability: |
31.89
10-24cm3
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Surface Tension: |
56.3
dyne/cm
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Density: |
1.31
g/cm3
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Flash Point: |
232.2
°C
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Enthalpy of Vaporization: |
75.97
kJ/mol
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Boiling Point: |
460.3
°C at 760 mmHg
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Vapour Pressure: |
2.87E-09
mmHg at 25°C
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Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC):
Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) = 0.39
Log Kow (Exper. database match) = 0.98
Exper. Ref: Sangster (1994)
Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42):
Boiling Pt (deg C): 404.27 (Adapted Stein & Brown method)
Melting Pt (deg C): 151.28 (Mean or Weighted MP)
VP(mm Hg,25 deg C): 1.98E-009 (Modified Grain method)
MP (exp database): 200 deg C
Subcooled liquid VP: 1.39E-007 mm Hg (25 deg C, Mod-Grain method)
Water Solubility Estimate from Log Kow (WSKOW v1.41):
Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L): 1.74e+004
log Kow used: 0.98 (expkow database)
no-melting pt equation used
Water Sol (Exper. database match) = 1e+005 mg/L ( deg C)
Exper. Ref: YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
Water Sol Estimate from Fragments:
Wat Sol (v1.01 est) = 41502 mg/L
Wat Sol (Exper. database match) = 100000.00
Exper. Ref: YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSAR v0.99h):
Class(es) found:
Aliphatic Amines
Epoxides
Esters
Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) [HENRYWIN v3.10]:
Bond Method : 3.36E-016 atm-m3/mole
Group Method: Incomplete
Henrys LC [VP/WSol estimate using EPI values]: 4.542E-014 atm-m3/mole
Log Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient (25 deg C) [KOAWIN v1.10]:
Log Kow used: 0.98 (exp database)
Log Kaw used: -13.862 (HenryWin est)
Log Koa (KOAWIN v1.10 estimate): 14.842
Log Koa (experimental database): None
Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10):
Biowin1 (Linear Model) : 0.5662
Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model) : 0.6507
Expert Survey Biodegradation Results:
Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model): 2.5127 (weeks-months)
Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) : 3.4071 (days-weeks )
MITI Biodegradation Probability:
Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model) : 0.4140
Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model): 0.0697
Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability:
Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model): -0.6281
Ready Biodegradability Prediction: NO
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation (BioHCwin v1.01):
Structure incompatible with current estimation method!
Sorption to aerosols (25 Dec C)[AEROWIN v1.00]:
Vapor pressure (liquid/subcooled): 1.85E-005 Pa (1.39E-007 mm Hg)
Log Koa (Koawin est ): 14.842
Kp (particle/gas partition coef. (m3/ug)):
Mackay model : 0.162
Octanol/air (Koa) model: 171
Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi):
Junge-Pankow model : 0.854
Mackay model : 0.928
Octanol/air (Koa) model: 1
Atmospheric Oxidation (25 deg C) [AopWin v1.92]:
Hydroxyl Radicals Reaction:
OVERALL OH Rate Constant = 59.7104 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec
Half-Life = 0.179 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3)
Half-Life = 2.150 Hrs
Ozone Reaction:
No Ozone Reaction Estimation
Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi): 0.891 (Junge,Mackay)
Note: the sorbed fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation
Soil Adsorption Coefficient (PCKOCWIN v1.66):
Koc : 10
Log Koc: 1.000
Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v1.67]:
Total Kb for pH > 8 at 25 deg C : 2.518E-003 L/mol-sec
Kb Half-Life at pH 8: 8.724 years
Kb Half-Life at pH 7: 87.235 years
Total Ka (acid-catalyzed) at 25 deg C : 1.309E-001 L/mol-sec
Ka Half-Life at pH 7: 1.678 years
Bioaccumulation Estimates from Log Kow (BCFWIN v2.17):
Log BCF from regression-based method = 0.500 (BCF = 3.162)
log Kow used: 0.98 (expkow database)
Volatilization from Water:
Henry LC: 3.36E-016 atm-m3/mole (estimated by Bond SAR Method)
Half-Life from Model River: 3.035E+012 hours (1.265E+011 days)
Half-Life from Model Lake : 3.311E+013 hours (1.38E+012 days)
Removal In Wastewater Treatment:
Total removal: 1.88 percent
Total biodegradation: 0.09 percent
Total sludge adsorption: 1.79 percent
Total to Air: 0.00 percent
(using 10000 hr Bio P,A,S)
Level III Fugacity Model:
Mass Amount Half-Life Emissions
(percent) (hr) (kg/hr)
Air 1.16e-007 4.3 1000
Water 40.9 900 1000
Soil 59.1 1.8e+003 1000
Sediment 0.0859 8.1e+003 0
Persistence Time: 1.05e+003 hr
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