ChemSpider 2D Image | phenytoin | C15H12N2O2

phenytoin

  • Molecular FormulaC15H12N2O2
  • Average mass252.268 Da
  • Monoisotopic mass252.089874 Da
  • ChemSpider ID1710

More details:



Featured data source



Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users

2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 5,5-diphenyl- [ACD/Index Name]
211-148-2 [EINECS]
4,4-Diphenyl-4H-imidazol-2,5-diol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4,4-Diphenyl-4H-imidazole-2,5-diol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4,4-Diphényl-4H-imidazole-2,5-diol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4H-imidazol-4-one, 3,5-dihydro-2-hydroxy-5,5-diphenyl-
4H-Imidazole-2,5-diol, 4,4-diphenyl- [ACD/Index Name]
5,5-Diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidindion [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
5,5-Diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione [ACD/IUPAC Name]
5,5-Diphényl-2,4-imidazolidinedione [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
More...

Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users

416 [DBID]
6158TKW0C5 [DBID]
CHEBI:8107 [DBID]
HSDB 3160 [DBID]
MFCD00005264 [DBID]
μ1050000 [DBID]
43070_FLUKA [DBID]
AI3-52498 [DBID]
AIDS000219 [DBID]
AIDS-000219 [DBID]
More...
  • Experimental Physico-chemical Properties
    • Experimental Melting Point:

      293-298 °C Alfa Aesar
      295-297 °C (Decomposes) OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      292-295 °C Merck Millipore 3225, 820534
      286 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 16526, 17184
      296.1 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 16526, 17184
      296.5 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 22230
      296 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 5644
      295 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 8980
      293-298 °C Alfa Aesar A17013
      293.5-295 °C Oakwood 358172
    • Experimental Solubility:

      10 mM in DMSO MedChem Express HY-B0448
      DMSO 50 mg/mL; Water <1 mg/mL MedChem Express HY-B0448
  • Miscellaneous
    • Appearance:

      white crystals or powder OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
    • Stability:

      Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strongoxidizing agents, strong bases. OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
    • Toxicity:

      IPR-RAT LD50 200 mg kg-1, IVN-RAT LD50 101 mg kg-1, IPR-MUS LD50 100 mg kg-1 OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      Organic Compound; Amine; Amide; Drug; Anticonvulsant; Metabolite; Synthetic Compound; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blocker Toxin, Toxin-Target Database T3D2728
    • Safety:

      45-61-22-43 Alfa Aesar A17013
      53-20-24-37-45 Alfa Aesar A17013
      Danger Alfa Aesar A17013
      DANGER: POISON, irritates skin, eyes, lungs Alfa Aesar A17013
      H350-H360-H317 Alfa Aesar A17013
      N03AB02 Wikidata Q410400
      P261-P280-P281-P363-P405-P501a Alfa Aesar A17013
      Safety glasses, gloves, good ventilation. Handle as a possible carcinogen. OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      WARNING: Irritates skin and eyes, harmful if swallowed Alfa Aesar A17013
    • Target Organs:

      Sodium Channel inhibitor TargetMol T0939
    • Chemical Class:

      A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that consists of hydantoin bearing two phenyl substituents at position 5. ChEBI https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:8107, CHEBI:8107
    • Bio Activity:

      Membrane Tranporter/Ion Channel MedChem Express HY-B0448
      Membrane Tranporter/Ion Channel; MedChem Express HY-B0448
      Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel TargetMol T0939
      Phenytoin is an inactive voltage-gated sodium channel stabilizer. MedChem Express
      Phenytoin is an inactive voltage-gated sodium channel stabilizer.; Target: Sodium Channel; Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug. MedChem Express HY-B0448
      Phenytoin is an inactive voltage-gated sodium channel stabilizer.;Target: Sodium ChannelPhenytoin is an antiepileptic drug. It is useful to treat partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures but not primary generalized seizures such as absence seizures or myoclonic seizures. Phenytoin is believed to protect against seizures by causing voltage-dependent block of voltage-gated sodium channels [1]. Phenytoin has low affinity for resting sodium channels at hyperpolarized membrane potentials [2]. When neurons are depolarized and the channels transition into the open and inactivated states, greater binding and block occur. The inhibitory potency is strongly use dependent, so that block accumulates with prolonged or repetitive activation, such as occurs during a seizure discharge. The blocking of sodium channels by phenytoin is of slow onset. The time course of fast sodium currents is therefore not altered in the presence of the drug and action potentials evoked by synaptic depo MedChem Express HY-B0448
      Sodium Channel MedChem Express HY-B0448
      Sodium Channel TargetMol T0939
  • Gas Chromatography
    • Retention Index (Kovats):

      2208 (estimated with error: 83) NIST Spectra mainlib_290661, replib_52697, replib_312909, replib_334858, replib_232857
      2350 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 275 C; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Japp, M.; Gill, R.; Osselton, M.D., Comparison of drug retention indices determined on packed, wide bore capillary and narrow bore capillary columns, J. Forensic Sci., 32(6), 1987, 1574-1586.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2365 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 275 C; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Japp, M.; Gill, R.; Osselton, M.D., Comparison of drug retention indices determined on packed, wide bore capillary and narrow bore capillary columns, J. Forensic Sci., 32(6), 1987, 1574-1586.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2347 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 250 C; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: SPB-1; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Lora-Tamayo, C.; Rams, M.A.; Chacon, J.M.R., Gas Chromatographic Data for 187 Nitrogen- or Phosphorus-Containing Drugs and Metabolites of Toxicological Interest Analysed on Methyl Silicone Capillary Columns, J. Chromatogr., 374, 1986, 73-85.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2308 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.49 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 100 C; End T: 275 C; End time: 15 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: SE-30; Phase thickness: 1.14 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Schepers, P.; Wijsbeek, J.; Franke, J.P.; de Zeeuw, R.A., Applicability of capillary gas chromatography to substance identification in toxicology by means of retention indices, J. Forensic Sci., 27(1), 1982, 49-60.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2340 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 250 C; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Berninger, H.; Moller, M.R., Retentionsindices zur gaschromatographischen Identifizierung von Arzneimitteln, Arch. Toxicol., 37, 1977, 295-305.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2360 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: OV-1; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb G, AW-DMCS; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Berninger, H.; Grunnagel, R.; Mall, S.; Moller, M.R., Gas chromatographic identification of unknown substances from body fluids by menas of retention indices, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 33, 1975, 185-191.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2380 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 6 ft; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: OV-1; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb G, AW-DMCS; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Berninger, H.; Grunnagel, R.; Mall, S.; Moller, M.R., Gas chromatographic identification of unknown substances from body fluids by menas of retention indices, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 33, 1975, 185-191.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2369 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 220 C; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.2 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Phillips, A.M.; Logan, B.K.; Stafford, D.T., Further applications for capillary gas chromatography in routine quantitative toxicological analyses, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 13, 1990, 754-758.) NIST Spectra nist ri
    • Retention Index (Normal Alkane):

      2306.8 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 155 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 10 min; Start time: 4 min; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: SPB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 10 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Coudore, F.; Alazard, J.-M.; Paire, M.; Andraud, G.; Lavarenne, J., Rapid toxicological screening of barbiturates in plasma by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography and nitrogen-phosphorus detection, J. Anal. Toxicol., 17, 1993, 109-113.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2317.8 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 12 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 290 C; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Neill, G.P.; Davies, N.W.; McLean, S., Automated screening procedure using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for identification of drugs after their extraction from biological samples, J. Chromatogr., 565, 1991, 207-224.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2299.2 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 22 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Manca, D.; Ferron, L.; Weber, J-P., A System for Toxicological Screening by Capillary Gas Chromatography with Use of Drug Retention Index Based on Nitrogen-Containing Reference Compounds, Clin. Chem., 35(4), 1989, 601-607.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2292 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 130 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 10 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Sharp, M.E., A rapid screening procedure for acidic and neutral drugs in blood by high resolution gas chromatography, J. Anal. Toxicol., 11, 1987, 8-11.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2335 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 12 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Stowell, A.; Wilson, L., Use of retention indices in drug screening by capillary gas chromatography, Rep. # CD 2362, Department of Scientific and Industrial Reseach, Chemistry Division, Lower Hutt, NZ, 1985, 32.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2310 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 150 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: SE-30; Substrate: Gas Chrom P; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Marozzi, E.; Gambaro, V.; Saligari, E.; Mariani, R.; Lodi, F., Use of the retention index in gas chromatographic studies of drugs, J. Anal. Toxicol., 6, 1982, 185-192.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2385 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 150 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: OV-1; Substrate: Gas Chrom P; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Marozzi, E.; Gambaro, V.; Saligari, E.; Mariani, R.; Lodi, F., Use of the retention index in gas chromatographic studies of drugs, J. Anal. Toxicol., 6, 1982, 185-192.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2330 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Other; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 220, 1981, 195-252.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2372.3 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 70 C; End T: 320 C; End time: 5 min; Start time: 0.5 min; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: BPX-5; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Song, S.M.; Marriott, P.; Wynne, P., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometric analysis of drugs, J. Chromatogr. A, 1058, 2004, 223-232.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2339.4 (Program type: Complex; Column... (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 100 0C (0.4 min) ^ 25 0C/min -> 200 0C ^ 10 0C/min -> 290 0C (10 min); CAS no: 57410; Active phase: HG-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Rasanen, I.; Kontinen, I.; Nokua, J.; Ojanpera, I.; Vuori, E., Precise gas chromatography with retention time locking in comprehensive toxicological screening for drugs in blood, J. Chromatogr. B, 788, 2003, 243-250.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2387.7 (Program type: Complex; Column... (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 70 0C (0.7 min) ^ 20 0C/min -> 140 0C ^ 10 0C/min -> 280 0C (4 min); CAS no: 57410; Active phase: NB-54; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.10 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ojanpera, I.; Rasanen, I.; Vuori, E., Automated quantitative screening for acidic and neutral drugs in whole blood by dual-column capillary gas chromatography, J. Anal. Toxicol., 15, 1991, 204-208.) NIST Spectra nist ri
    • Retention Index (Linear):

      2310 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 160 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 12 min; CAS no: 57410; Active phase: SPB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1.0 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Christ, D.W.; Noomano, P.; Rosas, M.; Rhone, D., Retention indices by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection, J. Anal. Toxicol., 12, 1988, 84-88.) NIST Spectra nist ri

Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, version: 14.00

Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 464.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 76.4±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 305.8±20.8 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.652
Molar Refractivity: 72.4±0.5 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 4
#H bond donors: 2
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 2
#Rule of 5 Violations: 0
ACD/LogP: 2.29
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.79
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.43
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 25.36
ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -0.98
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00
Polar Surface Area: 65 Å2
Polarizability: 28.7±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 53.3±7.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume: 197.9±7.0 cm3

Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection Agency�s EPISuite™

                        
 Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC):
    Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) =  2.16
    Log Kow (Exper. database match) =  2.47
       Exper. Ref:  Hansch,C et al. (1995)

 Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42):
    Boiling Pt (deg C):  511.82  (Adapted Stein & Brown method)
    Melting Pt (deg C):  218.12  (Mean or Weighted MP)
    VP(mm Hg,25 deg C):  1.76E-011  (Modified Grain method)
    MP  (exp database):  286 deg C
    Subcooled liquid VP: 1.38E-008 mm Hg (25 deg C, Mod-Grain method)

 Water Solubility Estimate from Log Kow (WSKOW v1.41):
    Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L):  178.6
       log Kow used: 2.47 (expkow database)
       no-melting pt equation used
     Water Sol (Exper. database match) =  32 mg/L (22 deg C)
        Exper. Ref:  YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)

 Water Sol Estimate from Fragments:
    Wat Sol (v1.01 est) =  2.1571 mg/L
    Wat Sol (Exper. database match) =  32.00
       Exper. Ref:  YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)

 ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSAR v0.99h):
    Class(es) found:
       Imides

 Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) [HENRYWIN v3.10]:
   Bond Method :   1.02E-011  atm-m3/mole
   Group Method:   Incomplete
 Henrys LC [VP/WSol estimate using EPI values]:  3.271E-014 atm-m3/mole

 Log Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient (25 deg C) [KOAWIN v1.10]:
  Log Kow used:  2.47  (exp database)
  Log Kaw used:  -9.380  (HenryWin est)
      Log Koa (KOAWIN v1.10 estimate):  11.850
      Log Koa (experimental database):  None

 Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10):
   Biowin1 (Linear Model)         :   0.6997
   Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model)     :   0.7861
 Expert Survey Biodegradation Results:
   Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model):   2.4736  (weeks-months)
   Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) :   3.3401  (days-weeks  )
 MITI Biodegradation Probability:
   Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model)    :   0.1114
   Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model):   0.0408
 Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability:
   Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model): -0.0161
 Ready Biodegradability Prediction:   NO

Hydrocarbon Biodegradation (BioHCwin v1.01):
    Structure incompatible with current estimation method!

 Sorption to aerosols (25 Dec C)[AEROWIN v1.00]:
  Vapor pressure (liquid/subcooled):  1.84E-006 Pa (1.38E-008 mm Hg)
  Log Koa (Koawin est  ): 11.850
   Kp (particle/gas partition coef. (m3/ug)):
       Mackay model           :  1.63 
       Octanol/air (Koa) model:  0.174 
   Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi):
       Junge-Pankow model     :  0.983 
       Mackay model           :  0.992 
       Octanol/air (Koa) model:  0.933 

 Atmospheric Oxidation (25 deg C) [AopWin v1.92]:
   Hydroxyl Radicals Reaction:
      OVERALL OH Rate Constant =  10.5915 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec
      Half-Life =     1.010 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3)
      Half-Life =    12.118 Hrs
   Ozone Reaction:
      No Ozone Reaction Estimation
   Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi): 0.988 (Junge,Mackay)
    Note: the sorbed fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation

 Soil Adsorption Coefficient (PCKOCWIN v1.66):
      Koc    :  4728
      Log Koc:  3.675 

 Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v1.67]:
    Rate constants can NOT be estimated for this structure!

 Bioaccumulation Estimates from Log Kow (BCFWIN v2.17):
   Log BCF from regression-based method = 1.202 (BCF = 15.92)
       log Kow used: 2.47 (expkow database)

 Volatilization from Water:
    Henry LC:  1.02E-011 atm-m3/mole  (estimated by Bond SAR Method)
    Half-Life from Model River: 9.117E+007  hours   (3.799E+006 days)
    Half-Life from Model Lake : 9.946E+008  hours   (4.144E+007 days)

 Removal In Wastewater Treatment:
    Total removal:               3.01  percent
    Total biodegradation:        0.10  percent
    Total sludge adsorption:     2.91  percent
    Total to Air:                0.00  percent
      (using 10000 hr Bio P,A,S)

 Level III Fugacity Model:
           Mass Amount    Half-Life    Emissions
            (percent)        (hr)       (kg/hr)
   Air       0.0471          24.2         1000       
   Water     16.7            900          1000       
   Soil      83.1            1.8e+003     1000       
   Sediment  0.13            8.1e+003     0          
     Persistence Time: 1.58e+003 hr




                    

Click to predict properties on the Chemicalize site






Advertisement